# ETF comparisons: fees, holdings and returns side by side > Popular ETF pairs such as VOO vs VTI and QQQ vs QQQM, compared on fees, holdings, returns and drawdowns over the same dates. An ETF comparison puts two funds side by side: what each holds, what each costs, and how both did over the same dates. Measuring both on the same days is the only fair way to compare returns and drops. Written by [the Tactfolio research team](https://tactfolio.com/about/editorial-policy). Fund facts come from each issuer and carry the date we checked them. Prices update after each US market close. ## Key points - Each pair uses the same start and end dates for both funds. - Fees and fund facts come from the issuers, with the date we checked. - Every page links to a backtest you can change in the builder. ## S&P 500 funds - [SPY vs VOO](https://tactfolio.com/etf-comparisons/spy-vs-voo.md): two S&P 500 funds with different fees and structures. - [IVV vs VOO](https://tactfolio.com/etf-comparisons/ivv-vs-voo.md): two low-cost S&P 500 funds from iShares and Vanguard. - [VOO vs VOOG](https://tactfolio.com/etf-comparisons/voo-vs-voog.md): the whole S&P 500 against its growth half. ## Growth and tech - [QQQ vs VOO](https://tactfolio.com/etf-comparisons/qqq-vs-voo.md): the Nasdaq-100 against the S&P 500. - [QQQ vs SPY](https://tactfolio.com/etf-comparisons/qqq-vs-spy.md): the Nasdaq-100 against the S&P 500, from the two oldest big index ETFs. - [QQQ vs QQQM](https://tactfolio.com/etf-comparisons/qqq-vs-qqqm.md): the same Nasdaq-100 index in two Invesco funds with different fees. - [QQQ vs VGT](https://tactfolio.com/etf-comparisons/qqq-vs-vgt.md): the Nasdaq-100 against a pure technology fund. - [VOO vs VUG](https://tactfolio.com/etf-comparisons/voo-vs-vug.md): the S&P 500 against large US growth companies. - [QQQ vs TQQQ](https://tactfolio.com/etf-comparisons/qqq-vs-tqqq.md): the Nasdaq-100 against a fund that aims for 3 times its daily move. ## Whole market and world - [VOO vs VTI](https://tactfolio.com/etf-comparisons/voo-vs-vti.md): the S&P 500 against the whole US stock market. - [VT vs VTI](https://tactfolio.com/etf-comparisons/vt-vs-vti.md): the whole world stock market against the whole US market. - [VTI vs VXUS](https://tactfolio.com/etf-comparisons/vti-vs-vxus.md): US stocks against stocks from the rest of the world. ## Dividend funds - [SCHD vs VYM](https://tactfolio.com/etf-comparisons/schd-vs-vym.md): two dividend stock funds that pick companies in different ways. ## Bonds - [AGG vs BND](https://tactfolio.com/etf-comparisons/agg-vs-bnd.md): two total US bond market funds. - [IEF vs TLT](https://tactfolio.com/etf-comparisons/ief-vs-tlt.md): medium-term against long-term US Treasury bonds. ## Gold - [GLD vs IAU](https://tactfolio.com/etf-comparisons/gld-vs-iau.md): two funds that hold real gold, with different fees. ## Look up one fund The [ETF list](https://tactfolio.com/etf.md) has a page for each of 162 funds, with fees, returns by year, worst drops and the strategies that hold it. To compare any two to four funds of your own choice, tick them in the [ETF screener](https://tactfolio.com/screener.md). ## Common questions ### Why compare ETFs over the same dates? A fund that started in 2010 missed the 2008 crash. Comparing it with an older fund over different dates would flatter it. Using only the days both traded keeps the comparison fair. ### What does correlation mean here? Correlation shows how closely two funds move together each day. A value of 1 means they always rise and fall together. A value near 0 means they move on their own. ### Can I test a mix of two ETFs? Yes. Open the Tactfolio builder, add both funds and give each a weight. The backtest shows how the mix would have done on past prices, including its worst drop. > Not financial advice. Tactfolio is a research and automation tool. It is not a broker or a financial adviser. This page is for education only. Backtests are hypothetical. They show how rules would have done on past prices, not how they will do. All investing involves risk, including losing the money you put in.